Bacaan lanjut Keruntuhan Zaman Gangsa Lewat

  • Bachhuber, Christoph R. and Gareth Roberts, 2009. Forces of Transformation : The End of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean : Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at St. John's College University of Oxford 25–6th March 2006 Paperback ed. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Dickinson, Oliver (2007). The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and Change Between the Twelfth and Eighth Centuries BC. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415135900.
  • Fischer, Peter M. and Teresa Bürge, 2017. "Sea Peoples" Up-To-Date : New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th-11th Centuries Bce. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1v2xvsn.
  • Killebrew Ann E. and Gunnar Lehmann, 2013. The Philistines and Other "Sea Peoples" in Text and Archaeology. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
  • Millek, Jesse (2023). Destruction and its impact on ancient societies at the end of the Bronze Age. Columbus (Ga.): Lockwood Press. ISBN 9781948488839.
  • Oren, Eliezer D. 2000. The Sea Peoples and Their World : A Reassessment. Philadelphia: University Museum.
  • Ward, William A. and Martha Sharp Joukowsky, 1992. The Crisis Years : The 12th Century B.c. : From Beyond the Danube to the Tigris. Dubuque Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub.
SyriaMesopotamia UtaraMesopotamia Selatan
c. 3500–2350 SMMartuSubartuBandar-negeri Sumeria
c. 2350–2200 SMEmpayar Akkadia
c. 2200–2100 SMGutia
c. 2100–2000 SMDinasti Ketiga Ur (Kebangkitan Semula Sumeria)
c. 2000–1800 SMMari dan lain-lain bandar-negeri AmoritEmpayar Assyrian Purba (Akkadian Utara)Isin/Larsa dan lain-lain bandar-negeri Amorit
c. 1800–1600 SMKerajaan Hittite PurbaEmpayar Babylonia Kuno (Akkadia Selatan)
c. 1600–1400 SMMitanni (Hurria)Karduniaš (Kerajaan orang Kass)
c. 1400–1200 SMKerajaan Hittite BaruEmpayar Assyria Pertengahan
c. 1200–1150 SMKeruntuhan Zaman Gangsa ("Orang laut")Aramean
c. 1150–911 SMPhoeniciaNegeri Syro-HittiteAram-
Damsyik
ArameansBabylonia Tengah (Isin II)Chal
de-
an
911–729 SMEmpayar Neo-Assyria
729–609 SM
626–539 SMEmpayar Neo-Babylonia (Chaldean)
539–331 SMEmpayar Hakhamaniyah (Parsi)
336–301 SMEmpayar Makaduniah (Yunani Purba)
311–129 SMEmpayar Seleucid
129–63 SMEmpayar SeleucidEmpayar Parsawi (Iran)
63 SM – 243 ELEmpayar Rom/Empayar Byzantium (Syria)
243–636 ELEmpayar Sasan (Parsi)